ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the clinical features and angiographic findings of moyamoya disease (MMD) as well as their relationship. Methods: A total of 22 MMD patients received routine digital substraction angiography (DSA). The clinical manifestations and angiographic findings were analyzed. Results: Clinical manifestations varied and each patient often had multiple symptoms, including cerebral infarction in 9 patients with an average age of 23.6 (13-39 years) and cerebral hemorrhage in 7 patients with an average age of 31.2 (28-46 years). Angiographic examination found that all the diseased sides showed MMD blood vessels. The patients who received encephalo-myo-arterio-synangiosis (EMAS) had better prognosis than those without receiving the treatment. Conclusion: Cerebral infarction is frequent in children and adolescents with MMD, whereas cerebral hemorrhage is common in adults. DSA is a golden criterion for diagnosing MMD. Surgical treatment, EMAS blood supply reconstruction in particular, should be prescribed.
ABSTRACT
Specific primers and TaqMan MGB probes were designed with Primer Express 2.0 software according to the conserved region of the H5, H9, H7 subtype AIV hemagglutinin gene to make research of real-time fluorescent one-step PCR in the differential detection of H5, H9, H7 subtype avian influenza inactivated vaccines. The result showed that the method was specific and reproducible. No cross-reaction was discovered with other avian disease vaccines. Real-time fluorescent PCR provided a specific, sensitive, rapid and convenient method for the subtype identification of avian influenza inactivated vaccines.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus , Allergy and Immunology , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype , Allergy and Immunology , Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype , Allergy and Immunology , Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype , Allergy and Immunology , Influenza A virus , Classification , Allergy and Immunology , Influenza Vaccines , Classification , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Methods , Vaccines, InactivatedABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the incidence of dementia among elderly people in Xi'an and its related risk factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Subjects that had been studied on the prevalence of dementia were follow-up, and the incidence of dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD) , and vascular dementia (VD) were counted by person-years. The clinical diagnosis on dementia,AD and VD were based upon the 3rd Edition of Diagnostic and Statistical of Manual of Mental Disorder, Revised version (DSM-III-R) and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>2197 subjects of non-dementia being identified in 1998, were re-surveyed in 2001. Out of them, 47 new cases of dementia including 37 cases of AD and 8 cases of VD were identified, with an annual incidence rates of dementia, AD and VD as 0.68%, 0.54% and 0.12% among those of 55 years and over and 0.89%, 0.69% and 0.17% in 65 years and over, respectively. Analysis from single factor logistic regression showed that age and education but not gender were closely related to the occurrence of AD. On the contrary, age, hypertension and stroke were closely related to the occurrence of VD.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The incidence of dementia in the "Xi' an cohort" was similar to that being reported from other countries. AD and VD were an age-related diseases but education seemed to have had great protective effect while lack of formal education served as risk factor to AD.</p>